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The common rail system prototype was developed in the 1960's by Robert Huber of Switzerland and the technology further  developed by Dr.Marco Ganser at the swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
               The first successfull usage in production vehicle began in Japan by the mid-1990's. Dr.Shohei Itoh & Masahina Miyaki of the Denso Corporation.

" Note: CRDI are governed by an Engine Control Unit(E.C.U) which opens
each injector electronically rather than mechanically."



IN PRESENT
 The CRDI has brought a revolution in Diesel Engine
technology.

                   OPERATING PRINCIPLE


->Here we use a Solenoid or Piezoelectric which makes fine electronic
control over fuel injection.
->The high pressure (CRDI) technology provides better fuel (atomisation)
i.e small droplets.
->Engine control unit (ECU) injects small amount of fuel this reduces its
expolsiveness & vibration.
->The fuel is supplies to injector by a common fuel rail which can be
maintained upto 2,000 bars (29,000).(The common rail supplies multiple
fuel Injector's weight high pressure).
->The Injector's are controlled by (E.C.U).When these fuel Injectors are
electrically activated,a hydraulic valve(consisting of a nozzel and plunger)
is mechanically or hydraulically opened & fuel is sprayed into cylinder at
desired pressure.
(Since: The Injectors are electrically operated,the Injections pressure at the
start and end of Injections remains same as of fuel rail).
(If the rail, pump & plumbing are sized properly.The Injections pressure
will be same in multiple Injections).
->It involves injection in stages such as PRE INJECTION,MAIN INJECTION


Why CRDI comes in Existence?

In previous times the fuel Injection involves the basic two process

1.Unit-Injection system.

2.The distributor/inline pump system.

Since these provide accurate fuel
quantity & Injection time control's they lay behind by some factors which
are as follows.
->The following system were worked by the driven of cam.This means
the highest Injection pressure can only be obtained at highest engine
speed & minimum Injection pressure at lowest engine speed.
->They were limited in number of Injection in single combustion process.
(FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING WATCH THIS VIDEO)


        
                              ADVANTAGES
->Lower's Engine noize.
->Lower's vibration in Engine.
->Optimize quantity of fuel injection.
->It requires no heating times or less than 1sec.
->Provides high torque at low RPM.
           
The different car makers brand give different name to CRDI

COMPANYs NA ME	COMMON RAIL DIESEL INJECTION(CRDI)   AS
Ashok Leyland’s	CRS engine (In E4 buses )
BMW’s	D-Engine
Fiat Group’s	JTD or Multijet  or Quadra-jet, DDiS,TiD
Ford motor company’s	TDCi
General motor  company’s  1.opel 2.Chevrolet	CDTI VCDi
Honda’s	i-CTDI
Hyundai	CRDI

Mahindra’s	CRDe
Mitsubishi’s	DI-D
Nissan’s	dci
Renault’s	Dci  “earlier called as”  dti
Tata’s	DICOR & CR4
Toyota’s	D-4D
Volkswagen Group	TDi
Volov	2.4D & D5