How seat belt works.

Seat belt is very essential component in any vehicle regarding our safety; it holds us at time of any accident. Prevent us to strike against steering and dashboard.

Let us understand how it works.

Standard seat belts have a retractor mechanism.

The belt webbing is connected to retractor mechanism.

The central element in retractor is spool. The central element in the retractor is a spool, which is attached to one end of the webbing. Inside the retractor, a spring applies a rotation force, or torque, to the spool. This works to rotate the spool so it winds up any loose webbing.

When you pull the webbing out, the spool rotates counter-clockwise, which turns the attached spring in the same direction. Effectively, the rotating spool works to untwist the spring. The spring wants to return to its original shape, so it resists this twisting motion. If you release the webbing, the spring will tighten up, rotating the spool clockwise until there is no more slack in the belt.

THE WANKEL ROTARY COMBUSTION ENGINE

INTRODUCTION

->The advantage of rotary motion have far long been known and appreciated,it
includes number of patent including the patent of rotary Steam Engine by James

Watt in1769.
->Scheffel in 1952,get patent for rotary engine,utilised the principle that oval or
elliptical tower can be designed to maintain contact,while turning about find centres
and that three or more rotars can to enclose between them a continously varying
volume.
->Felia Wankel(German),got a patent for design of four phase rotary engine working
on otto cycle principle.
->Later on Dr.FROEDE made the inner rotar or bit while it rotated,and permitted the
outer body to kept stationary,such simple arrangement allowed attachment of intake,

Active Denial System (ADS)

How would be if without hurting or killing people we would able to control over un-civilized mob or anti-social elements .

It is possible The Active Denial System (ADS) a non-lethal, directed-energy weapon developed by the U.S. military to control un-wanted rage of mob.

The weapon is also called the heat ray, since it works by heating the surface of targets, such as the skin of targeted human subjects.

The ADS was deployed in 2010 with the United States military in the Afghanistan war

The ADS is currently only a vehicle-mounted weapon, though U.S. Marines and police are both working on portable versions

Kinetic Energy Recovery System: Makes F-1 car so fast.

what is KERS ?

The kers stand for Kinetic Energy Recovery System
it is an automotive system for recovering a moving vehicles kinetic energy under braking or we can say that it recovers the kinetic energy present in waste i.e. heat generated when we apply brake.

Note : It is used by formula one & racing car company & in future it will be used by commercial car company.

Gears

GEARS

Gear is a mechanical instrument having toothed section generally used for transferring torque, force from one part of machine to another part of machine.

BACKLASH

It is a minimum distance between the two mating teeth in motion when the gear is driving the pinion.

Sometime it is also called as LASH or PLAY.

"In a pair of gears backlash is the amount of clearance between mated gear teeth".

Theoretically, the backlash should be zero, but in actual practice some backlash must be allowed to prevent JAMMING.

The other reason for backlash is allowing for lubrication, manufacturing errors, deflection under load and expansion.

Re-Grooving of tyre

Basic behind tyre re-grooving

The basic component are-:

Tyre Inspection
Tyre Buffering
Tyre Builder
Pressure chamber
Mono rail
Envelope spider

Differential

Introduction

A differential is a device, usually, but not necessarily, employing gears, which is connected to the outside world by three shafts, through which it transmits torque and rotation. The gears or other components make the three shafts rotate in such a way that a=pb+qc, where a, b, and c are the angular velocities of the three shafts, and p and q are constants. Often, but not always, p and q are equal, so a is proportional to the sum (or average) of b and c.

In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, a differential allows the driving road wheels to rotate at different speeds. This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is travelling around the outside of the turning curve roll farther and faster than the other. The engine is connected to the shaft rotating at angular velocity a. The driving wheels are connected to the other two shafts, and p and q are equal. If the engine is running at a constant speed, the rotational speed of each driving wheel can vary, but the sum (or average) of the two wheels' speeds cannot change. An increase in the speed of one wheel must be balanced by an equal decrease in the speed of the other.

Air Brakes

First let’s see the channel of flow of air

1. Air compressor piston pump

2. Air governor

3. Air dryer

4. Dual air duct

5. Air tank

6. Actuator

SEE HOW LIQUID FLOWS WITHOUT DOING WORK ON IT i.e "SIPHON"

HISTORY

Egyptian reliefs from 1500BC depict siphons used to extract liquids from large storage jars.There is physical evidence for the use of siphons by Greek engineers in the 3rd century BC at Pergamon.
Hero of Alexandria wrote extensively about siphons in the treatise Pneumatica.In the 9th century,the Banu Musa brothers invented a double-concentric siphons,which they described in their Book of Ingenious Devices.
Siphons were studied further in the 17th century,in the context of suction pumps

AN INTERESTING TECHNOLOGY BY HONDA " i-VTEC"

The i-Vtech technology is a part or further Invansion of VTEC Technology.

Before seeing i-vtec first let us see what is VTEC is ?

Now first Let us see What is actually VTEC Technolgy.

VTEC stands for (Variable Valve Timing Engine Control) is Valvetrain system developed by Honda to (Improve the Volumetric Efficency) of four Stroke Engine.

JTD ENGINE//MULTI-JET ENGINE//QUADRA-JET ENGINE

JTD ENGINE / MULTI-JET ENGINE / QUADRA-JET ENGINE

JTD ENGINE

JTD stands for (unijet Turbo Diesel). This is Fiat Group's Current Terms for (Common nail Turbo diesel Engine). The unijet Involves Two Injection In one combustion process.

A REVOLUTIONARY TECHNOLOGY IN DIESEL CARs INDUSTRY : CRDI (Common Rail Direct Injection)

CRDI(COMMON RAIL DIRECT INJECTION)

HISTORY

The common rail system prototype was developed in the 1960's by Robert Huber of Switzerland and the technology further developed by Dr.Marco Ganser at the swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.
The first successfull usage in production vehicle began in Japan by the mid-1990's. Dr.Shohei Itoh & Masahina Miyaki of the Denso Corporation.

" Note: CRDI are governed by an Engine Control Unit(E.C.U) which opens
each injector electronically rather than mechanically."

READ AND KNOW ABOUT YOUR CARs SKELETON. i.e. " CHASSIS"

DO YOU KNOW WHAT IS MAIN PART OF AN AUTOMOBILE ???

Yes, you are right it is CHASSIS ! They are referred to as skeleton of an Automobile.A large number of designs in pressed-steel frame a skeleton on which an engine,axle assemblies,transmission,steering mechanism,brakes and suspension members are mounted.

BASIC FUNCTION OF CHASSIS ARE
1.it absorbs the reaction from the movement of an engine and axle.
2.blances the reaction forces of the wheel in acceleration and braking.
3.Absorb aerodynamics wind forces and road shocks through the suspension.
4.Absorb the major"Energy of Impact"in the event of an accident.

SEE HOW A COMPACT ENGINE ASSEMBLES.

LET US SEE ASSEMBLING OF PETROL CAR ENGINE

1.The first thing you saw was CYLINDER BLOCK OR BODY
2.The sccond thing was assembling of CRANKSHAFT on which PISTON is mounted and it also turn reciprocatory motion of piston into rotatory and fitting of FLY-WHEEL.
3. Then you saw how PISTON is joined to CONNECTING ROD via GUDGEON PIN and fitted to block.
4.Then you saw the mounting of CYLINDER HEAD and MOUNTING OF CAMSHAFT and fitting of INLET and OUTLET VALVE
5. Then you saw the joining of CRANK AND CAM via chain to ADJUST of inlet and outlet time and covering of it by TABET COVER and covering of CYLINDER HEAD.
6.Then you saw the fitting of OIL SUMP or bed from bottom of engine.
7. Then you saw application of alternator and its wiring.
8.Then you saw the assembling of INLET MANIFOLD,CHOKE WIRE,SPARKPLUG.SUPERCHARGERS and they are joined by timing belt ASSEMBLING of alternator and dynamo.
9.Then you saw assembling of EXHAUST MANIFOLD and covering of it !!
10.Then you saw the running of engine the inlet stroke the explosion and exhaust and working of cam !!

How to read your tyre ??

Do you know How to read your tyre ??

WANT TO INCREASE ENGINE POWER & EFFICIENCY APPLY TURBOCHARGER

Turbo charger’s

Operating principle

Otto and diesel cycle engines rely on the downward stroke of a piston to create a low-pressure area (less than atmospheric pressure) above the piston in order to draw air through the intake system. With the rare exception of tuned induction systems, most engines cannot inhale their full displacement of atmospheric density air. The measure of this loss or inefficiency in four stroke engines is called volumetric efficiency. If the density of the intake air above the piston is equal to atmospheric, then the engine would have 100% volumetric efficiency. Unfortunately, most engines fail to achieve this level of performance. This loss of potential power is often compounded by the loss of density seen with elevated altitudes. Thus, a natural use of the turbocharger is with aircraft engines.As an aircraft climbs to higher altitudes the pressure of the surrounding air quickly falls off. At 5,486 m (18,000 ft) the air is at half the pressure of sea level, which means that the engine will produce less than half-power at this altitude.also automobiles used in hills or high altitude.

WHICH ENGINE TO SELECT: DIESEL ENGINE VS PETROL ENGINE

DIESEL ENGINE VS PETROL ENGINE

On basis of working
Inlet stroke
In petrol engines the mixture of air and petrol is drawn in by the falling piston
In diesel engines only air is drawn in by the falling piston

Compression stroke
In petrol engine, the mixture is compressed upto about 1/7th to 1/11th of its original size.
In diesel engine, only air is compressed upto about 1/15th to 1/26th of its original size.

TO INCREASE POWER WHICH IS BETTER:Turbocharger vs superchargers

Turbocharger vs superchargers

While both turbochargers and superchargers look similar then what actually difference between both of them

4 stroke petrol engine - Application of OTTO cycle

History

Nikolaus August Otto as a young man was a traveling salesman for a grocery concern. In his travels he encountered the internal combustion engine built in Paris by Belgian expatriate Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir. In 1860 Lenoir succeeded in creating a double acting engine which ran on illuminating gas at 4% efficiency. The 18 liter Lenoir Engine was able to produce only 2 horsepower. The Lenoir engine ran on the illuminating gas that was made from coal which had been developed in Paris by Philip Lebon.

TWO STROKE PETROL ENGINE

HISTORY

The first commercial two-stroke engine involving in-cylinder compression is attributed to Scottish engineer Dugald Clerk, who in 1881 patented his design, his engine having a separate charging cylinder. The crankcase-scavenged engine, employing the area below the piston as a charging pump, is generally credited to Englishman Joseph Day.